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目前鋰(li)離子電池的(de)疊(die)片(pian)技術路線主要分為(wei)4類：切疊(die)一(yi)體、Z字型疊(die)片(pian)、熱復合疊(die)片(pian)和卷疊(die)一(yi)體。其中Z字型疊(die)片(pian)和切疊(die)一(yi)體本質(zhi)均為(wei)Z字型疊(die)片(pian)，也(ye)是國內應用較為(wei)廣泛的(de)疊(die)片(pian)工(gong)藝；熱復合疊(die)片(pian)最大的(de)特點為(wei)實現正極、負極和隔(ge)膜一(yi)次(ci)性完全切片(pian)堆疊(die)，有(you)效提高(gao)了疊(die)片(pian)及電芯的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和生產速率(lv)，相對而(er)言技術難度更高(gao)。

一、切(qie)疊一體技術(shu)

切(qie)疊(die)(die)(die)一(yi)體(ti)技(ji)術本質上(shang)(shang)依舊(jiu)為(wei)(wei)Z型(xing)疊(die)(die)(die)片技(ji)術，作為(wei)(wei)Z型(xing)疊(die)(die)(die)片技(ji)術的一(yi)種(zhong)改良(liang)(liang)，逐漸成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)發(fa)展趨(qu)勢，其優點在于(yu)提(ti)升(sheng)良(liang)(liang)率和(he)疊(die)(die)(die)片效率。1、提(ti)升(sheng)良(liang)(liang)率：電池在不(bu)同工(gong)序(xu)轉運(yun)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)容易發(fa)生損(sun)傷，將多個環節集中(zhong)(zhong)到一(yi)臺設備上(shang)(shang)，就(jiu)能夠(gou)在工(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng)上(shang)(shang)減少(shao)電池損(sun)傷的可(ke)能性(xing)。過(guo)去傳統(tong)的生產方式為(wei)(wei)疊(die)(die)(die)片機(ji)從料(liao)盒中(zhong)(zhong)取(qu)切(qie)片進(jin)(jin)行(xing)疊(die)(die)(die)片。取(qu)片過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)能會發(fa)生磕碰和(he)極(ji)(ji)耳翻折，而切(qie)疊(die)(die)(die)一(yi)體(ti)機(ji)將極(ji)(ji)片模切(qie)/激(ji)光切(qie)、Z 字(zi)(zi)型(xing)疊(die)(die)(die)片機(ji)、貼膠熱壓機(ji)三類機(ji)型(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整(zheng)合，解決了折彎和(he)吸(xi)片的問題，通過(guo)減少(shao)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)料(liao)、轉運(yun)工(gong)序(xu)，減少(shao)磕碰、提(ti)高(gao)良(liang)(liang)率。2、提(ti)升(sheng)疊(die)(die)(die)片效率：切(qie)疊(die)(die)(die)一(yi)體(ti)機(ji)將正負極(ji)(ji)片和(he)隔(ge)膜同時收放，在主(zhu)疊(die)(die)(die)片臺或擺桿作用下(xia)，呈Z字(zi)(zi)型(xing)折疊(die)(die)(die)，當疊(die)(die)(die)放至設定片數后，隔(ge)膜裁切(qie)貼膠，再熱壓成(cheng)電芯，如(ru)先導智(zhi)能最高(gao)疊(die)(die)(die)片效率達800PPM（0.075s/pcs），利(li)元(yuan)亨高(gao)速切(qie)疊(die)(die)(die)一(yi)體(ti)機(ji)的疊(die)(die)(die)片速度達 0.15s/pcs（三工(gong)位(wei)）。

二(er)、Z字型疊片(pian)技(ji)術

Z型疊(die)片(pian)技術是目前較為常見的(de)一種疊(die)片(pian)工藝，通過可(ke)移動疊(die)片(pian)臺(tai)拉動隔膜(mo)在疊(die)片(pian)平臺(tai)之間來(lai)回(hui)移動，實(shi)現正極(ji)極(ji)片(pian)和負極(ji)極(ji)片(pian)的(de)交(jiao)叉堆疊(die)。
Z 型(xing)疊(die)(die)片(pian)技術(shu)的(de)問(wen)題在(zai)于隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)容易變(bian)形(xing)(xing)且堆疊(die)(die)效(xiao)率不高。1、隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)容易變(bian)形(xing)(xing)：Z 型(xing)疊(die)(die)片(pian)技術(shu)隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)會(hui)(hui)隨可移動(dong)(dong)(dong)疊(die)(die)片(pian)臺左右擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)，隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)擺軸容易造成不對稱，導致(zhi)隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)不一(yi)致(zhi)；隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)張力(li)每(mei)次(ci)從零(ling)到最大(da)(da)，導致(zhi)隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)拉伸(shen)不一(yi)致(zhi)、變(bian)形(xing)(xing)，同時隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)的(de)孔隙(xi)率、平均孔徑、比表面積都會(hui)(hui)有(you)較大(da)(da)的(de)變(bian)化，影響電(dian)(dian)芯質量(liang)。2、堆疊(die)(die)效(xiao)率不高：在(zai)疊(die)(die)片(pian)過(guo)程中，需(xu)要擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)來(lai)疊(die)(die)放極片(pian)、避讓隔(ge)(ge)膜(mo)交替進(jin)行，增加了單(dan)(dan)次(ci)疊(die)(die)片(pian)所需(xu)要的(de)時間，同時只能(neng)實現單(dan)(dan)片(pian)堆疊(die)(die)，疊(die)(die)片(pian)效(xiao)率很難有(you)大(da)(da)的(de)提(ti)升，一(yi)般為(wei) 0.5s/pcs/工位(wei)，若電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極片(pian)層(ceng)數為(wei)30 層(ceng)，則完成一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)時間為(wei) 15 秒，則一(yi)分鐘內能(neng)完成 4 個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，即效(xiao)率僅有(you) 4PPM。

三、熱復合疊片技術

熱(re)(re)(re)(re)復(fu)合疊(die)(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)的(de)(de)工(gong)作原理為(wei)正(zheng)極卷料(liao)、負(fu)(fu)極卷料(liao)、隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)同時進(jin)(jin)(jin)料(liao)，在(zai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)裝(zhuang)置前(qian)，正(zheng)極片(pian)(pian)(pian)、負(fu)(fu)極片(pian)(pian)(pian)通(tong)過切刀裁切成(cheng)所需尺寸的(de)(de)單個極片(pian)(pian)(pian)，正(zheng)極片(pian)(pian)(pian)、負(fu)(fu)極片(pian)(pian)(pian)、隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)組(zu)合體(ti)在(zai)輥(gun)輪(lun)的(de)(de)作用下進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統。加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)后(hou)再進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)輥(gun)壓(ya)、切刀，將隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)切斷，形成(cheng)單個的(de)(de)疊(die)(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)單元(yuan)，然(ran)后(hou)通(tong)過機(ji)械(xie)裝(zhuang)置將單個疊(die)(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)單元(yuan)堆(dui)疊(die)(die)(die)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)，之后(hou)再對(dui)疊(die)(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)堆(dui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)平壓(ya)，形成(cheng)極芯。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)復(fu)合一(yi)體(ti)機(ji)的(de)(de)隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)為(wei)涂膠隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)，受(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)有(you)粘性。烘烤后(hou)的(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極片(pian)(pian)(pian)與隔膜(mo)(mo)(mo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)復(fu)合，隨后(hou)經輥(gun)壓(ya)，裁切成(cheng)復(fu)合單元(yuan)。然(ran)后(hou)有(you)機(ji)械(xie)手將其轉移至疊(die)(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)臺進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)疊(die)(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)。疊(die)(die)(die)完后(hou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)壓(ya)，再進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)貼膠。

熱(re)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)極(ji)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和(he)隔膜(mo)同時收(shou)放，能夠避免 Z 字型(xing)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)隔膜(mo)變(bian)形(xing)等問題(ti)。熱(re)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)工(gong)藝(yi)中(zhong)，隔膜(mo)和(he)極(ji)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)所受的(de)(de)(de)拉力(li)(li)方(fang)向(xiang)始終(zhong)不變(bian)、速(su)度保持(chi)均勻，相(xiang)對于卷繞工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程中(zhong)拉力(li)(li)不斷變(bian)化(hua)、Z型(xing)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)拉力(li)(li)周期性變(bian)化(hua)和(he)擺(bai)動，熱(re)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)式(shi)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)在生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)連(lian)續單方(fang)向(xiang)輸送、速(su)度和(he)張力(li)(li)控制(zhi)穩定，生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)芯(xin)(xin)界面平整，隔膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械性能、孔(kong)隙率、平均孔(kong)徑、極(ji)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)與(yu)隔膜(mo)界面等均勻一致，電芯(xin)(xin)質量更高(gao)。熱(re)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)技術(shu)難(nan)度比Z 型(xing)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)更高(gao)，適(shi)合(he)(he)(he)高(gao)能量密(mi)度大(da)電芯(xin)(xin)。熱(re)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)比Z型(xing)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)多(duo)熱(re)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)和(he)輥壓(ya)等工(gong)序(xu)，技術(shu)難(nan)度更高(gao)，后期注液等工(gong)序(xu)難(nan)度更大(da)；熱(re)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)同時集成制(zhi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)、疊(die)(die)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)、熱(re)壓(ya)一體，高(gao)效節能、省(sheng)空間，更適(shi)用(yong)于高(gao)能量密(mi)度大(da)電芯(xin)(xin)。

四、卷(juan)疊一體(ti)技術

LG 享(xiang)有 Stack & Folding 專利，不對外出(chu)售，設備商(shang)為德國(guo) MANZ，其(qi)工(gong)藝流程一般是先將正(zheng)負極片裁切(qie)成單元，并通過(guo)對轉臺與(yu)升降(jiang)吸盤的設置，分別貼在(zai)隔膜上(shang)；然后(hou)用(yong)卷繞(rao)的方式將極片分別包裹(guo)起來，實現兩組正(zheng)負極片相間疊放，速(su)度和效(xiao)率較高。

根(gen)據 LG 新(xin)能源官網(wang)，LG 的(de) Stack & Folding 專利將一片(pian)正(zheng)極(ji)、一片(pian)負極(ji)和一片(pian)隔(ge)(ge)膜堆疊(die)組成(cheng) Bi-cell 后，再將多個 Bi-cell 折(zhe)疊(die)組成(cheng)一個電池。在正(zheng)負極(ji)片(pian)之間 LG 新(xin)能源還(huan)利用(yong)其(qi)專有的(de) SRS（Safety Reinforced Separator）隔(ge)(ge)膜，該(gai)技術是(shi)在隔(ge)(ge)膜上涂覆陶瓷并加熱來增加機械(xie)強度，從而防止(zhi)內部短(duan)路，大大提高了電池安全性(xing)和性(xing)能。