1, 制造材料不同
鎳氫電池(chi)NiMH電池(chi)正極板材料為NiOOH,負極板材料為吸氫合金。電解液通常(chang)用(yong)(yong)30%的KOH水溶液,并加入少(shao)量的NiOH。隔膜采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)孔維(wei)尼綸無(wu)紡布(bu)或尼龍無(wu)紡布(bu)等。NiMH電池(chi)有圓柱形和方形兩種(zhong)。它們(men)的(de)主要區別(bie)在于電解質(zhi)的(de)不(bu)同,鋰(li)離子(zi)電池使用的(de)是液體電解質(zhi),而聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)鋰(li)離子(zi)電池則以聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)電解質(zhi)來代替,這(zhe)種聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)電池可(ke)以是“干態(tai)”的(de),也可(ke)以是“膠(jiao)態(tai)”的(de)目前大部分采用聚(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)膠(jiao)體電解質(zhi).
可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)由于(yu)它較普(pu)通(tong)鎳(nie)鎘/鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有(you)體積(ji)小(相對)、重量輕、自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)率(lv)低、無記(ji)憶(yi)效應的(de)優點(dian),廣泛的(de)被使用(yong)在(zai)很多(duo)新(xin)型移(yi)動設(she)備中。我們平常使用(yong)的(de)移(yi)動電(dian)(dian)話、筆記(ji)本電(dian)(dian)腦、PDA等移(yi)動設(she)備的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已逐步為(wei)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)替代。鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)記(ji)憶(yi)效應不是很明顯,有(you)一(yi)點(dian),要急用(yong)時,不一(yi)定要放(fang)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)后再(zai)充(chong),平時使用(yong)是最好是放(fang)光(guang)后再(zai)充(chong)足。
鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)比能量(liang)(liang)大,電(dian)池(chi)(chi)小(xiao)巧(qiao);單個鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓是(shi)鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)3倍;沒有記憶(yi)效應,可隨用隨充。但也不能用一(yi)下(xia)就充,這樣充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)次數(shu)過多,就影響到電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命(ming)。鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不宜長期(qi)貯存(cun),時間(jian)久(jiu)了(le)會永久(jiu)失(shi)去部分容(rong)量(liang)(liang)。最(zui)好是(shi)充電(dian)40%后(hou),放(fang)(fang)在(zai)冰箱的(de)冷(leng)藏箱內(nei)保存(cun)。
4, 外形
比較(jiao)直觀(guan)的(de)和常見的(de)區別,鎳氫電池基(ji)本是(shi)圓柱(zhu)形的(de),鋰(li)電池是(shi)軟包方(fang)形的(de),也(ye)有圓柱(zhu)形的(de)。
5, 充電方法不同
鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求與鎳(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)/鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)同(tong),可充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為3.6V(有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)塊可能會標稱3.7V)。隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man),鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會慢慢升(sheng)高,這也是判(pan)斷(duan)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否(fou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)的(de)(de)標志(zhi),一般(ban)制造廠商推薦中止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為4.2V(單(dan)節(jie)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang))。對鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)限(xian)壓(ya)限(xian)流(liu)法,如果有(you)朋友(you)想要獨立(li)對鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),需要注意(yi)它的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法與鎳(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)/鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法不(bu)同(tong),不(bu)能使用(yong)普通充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)鎳(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)/鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。