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過電流及短路電流

        因為不明原因（放電時或正負極遭金屬物誤觸）造成過電流或短路，為確保安全，必須使其立即停止放電。  
       過電流保護IC原理為，當放電電流過大或短路情況產生時，保護IC將激活過（短路）電流保護，此時過電流的檢測是將功率MOSFET的Rds(on) 當成感應阻抗用以監測其電壓的下降情形，如果比所定的過電流檢測電壓還高則停止放電，同樣地，過電流檢測也必須設有延遲時間以防有突發電流流入時產生誤動作。  
     ;  通常在(zai)過電(dian)流產生后，若能去(qu)除過電(dian)流因素（例如馬上(shang)與負載脫離），將會恢(hui)復(fu)其正常狀態，可以再進行正常的充(chong)放電(dian)動作。   

聚合物電池出現的原因

    液態鋰離子電池（Li-ion）作為一種高效能源載體被廣泛應用于通訊、電子行業，特別是手機、PDA等個人通訊工具上,最早是日本SONY在1992年商業化以后，得到大量普及，尤其是借助了手機這個通訊工具，鋰電池由于輕、容量大、環保等優點逐漸被廣大用戶接受。   
    然而近一兩年來，隨著通訊技術的飛速發展，手機彩屏技術、彩信技術、藍牙技術及攝像技術相續出現，對電池的容量、體積、重量及電化學性能等指標提出了更高的要求，傳統的液態鋰電已越來越不能適應新的需求。新型聚合物鋰離子電池（Li-Polymer）的出現，迎合了這一需求。聚合物鋰電是在原有鋼殼、鋁殼電池的基礎上發展起來的第三代鋰離子電池，以其更輕、更薄、能量密度更高的特點，受到國內外通訊終端廠商及設計公司的青睞。聚合物鋰離子電池與液態鋰離子電池最根本的區別在于二者所采用的電解質不同。聚合物鋰電池的電解質從外觀上看為固態，稱為聚合物固體電解質。這種電解質是一類處于固體狀態，但能像液體那樣溶解支持電解質，并能發生離子遷移現象的高分子材料。而液態鋰，固名思義，電解質為液體狀，由于液體的流動性，受外界環境因素的變化如高溫等，比聚合物鋰離子電池有更大的影響。   

過度充電保護  
      過度充電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護IC的原理為(wei)：當外部充電(dian)(dian)器對鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時，為(wei)防止因(yin)溫(wen)度上(shang)升所導致的內壓上(shang)升，需(xu)終止充電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。此時，保(bao)護IC需(xu)檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓，當到達4.25V時（假設電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過充點為(wei)4.25V）即激(ji)活(huo)過度充電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護，將功(gong)率(lv)MOSFET由(you)開轉為(wei)切斷(duan)，進而(er)截止充電(dian)(dian)。  

      另外，還必(bi)須注意因(yin)噪音(yin)所產生的過(guo)度充電(dian)檢出誤動作，以免判(pan)定(ding)為(wei)過(guo)充保(bao)護。因(yin)此(ci)，需要設(she)定(ding)延遲時(shi)間(jian)，并且延遲時(shi)間(jian)不能短于噪音(yin)的持續時(shi)間(jian)。

手機鋰電池由哪些部分組成及各部分的功能是什么 
       手機(ji)鋰電池主要由塑膠(jiao)殼上(shang)下(xia)蓋鋰電芯(xin)保(bao)(bao)護線路(lu)板(ban)(PCB)組成和可恢復(fu)保(bao)(bao)險絲(si)polyswitch有(you)的廠家還配(pei)置了NTC識別電阻或震動馬達或充電電路(lu)等元件。  
各部分功能如下：  
       鋰(li)電(dian)芯：提供(gong)可充放電(dian)源。  
       保護線路(lu)(lu)板：防止電池過(guo)(guo)充過(guo)(guo)放短路(lu)(lu)。  
       可恢復(fu)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲(PTC): 正熱(re)敏電阻起(qi)到高溫保(bao)(bao)護作用同時又(you)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)護線(xian)路板實效(xiao)后(hou)的二重保(bao)(bao)護。  
   ;    可(ke)恢復保險(xian)絲(NTC): 負(fu)熱敏(min)電(dian)阻(zu),感(gan)應電(dian)池內部溫度起(qi)到低溫保護作用(yong)。  
       識別(bie)電阻：識別(bie)原裝(zhuang)電池非原裝(zhuang)電池不能使(shi)用。

過度放電保護  
       在(zai)過度放電(dian)(dian)的情(qing)況下，電(dian)(dian)解液因分解而導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池特性劣化(hua)，并造成充電(dian)(dian)次數的降低。采用鋰電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)護(hu)IC可以(yi)避免(mian)過度放電(dian)(dian)現象產生，實現電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)。  
       過度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護IC原理：為了防止鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)過度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，假(jia)設鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池接(jie)上負(fu)載，當(dang)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于其過度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢測點（假(jia)定為2.3V）時(shi)將(jiang)激活過度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護，使功率MOSFET由開(kai)轉變為切斷而截(jie)止放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過度(du)(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象產(chan)生，并將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池保持在低靜(jing)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)待機模式(shi)，此時(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)0.1μA。  
       當(dang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)接上充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，且(qie)此時(shi)(shi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于(yu)過度放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)，過度放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護功能方可解除。另外，考慮到脈沖放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況，過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設(she)有延遲(chi)時(shi)(shi)間以避(bi)免(mian)產生(sheng)誤(wu)動(dong)作。   

 鋰電池保護電路 
       由于(yu)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能量(liang)密度(du)高，因(yin)此難以確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)安全性(xing)。在過(guo)度(du)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度(du)上升后能量(liang)將過(guo)剩(sheng)，于(yu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液分解而(er)產(chan)生氣體(ti)，因(yin)內壓上升而(er)產(chan)生自燃或破裂的(de)危險；反之，在過(guo)度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液因(yin)分解導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池特性(xing)及耐久性(xing)劣化，因(yin)而(er)降低可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數。  
       鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)就是(shi)(shi)要(yao)確保(bao)(bao)這樣(yang)的(de)過(guo)度充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態時的(de)安全(quan)性，并防止特(te)性劣化。鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)由保(bao)(bao)護(hu)IC及兩顆功率MOSFET所(suo)構(gou)成，其中保(bao)(bao)護(hu)IC監視電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當有過(guo)度充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態時切換到以(yi)外掛的(de)功率MOSFET來保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)IC的(de)功能(neng)有過(guo)度充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、過(guo)度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流／短路(lu)(lu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。  

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